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Detailed timeline of the development of hypercomplex numbers, from early discoveries of complex numbers to modern developments. Includes links to biographies and complete bibliography.
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A History of Hypercomplex Numbers  Khandakhadyaka which solves quadratic equations and allows for the possibility of negative solutions. pre1136 Abraham bar Hiyya Ha-Nasi writes the work Hibbur ha-Meshihah ve-ha-Tishboret, translated in 1145 into Latin as Liber embadorum, which presents the first complete solution to the...
http://history.hyperjeff.net/hypercomplex.html

A concise and appealing look at the strangest number in the universe. By Charles Seife.
http://www.zerothebook.com

Includes history of algebra trigonometry, numerical mathematics, and geometry in this region.
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History of Mathematics Facets of India Ancient and Modern  India do not help our other sisters and brothers then who else Please click here to help the wounded cradle of civilization. Dear guest, your feedback is very important to us and is more than welcome. Please email or click...
http://www.geocities.com/dipalsarvesh/mathematics.html

Explains the development and motivation for creating calculating machines and algorithms.
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 European exploration of the Americas was well advanced, trade-routes by sea had been established with parts of the Indian sub-continent and the Far East, and the first circumnavigation of the globe had been completed. The growth of merchant trading houses,...
http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~ped/te...dmin/histsci/htmlform/lect3.html

Contains HTML versions of some original documents related to the history of calculators.
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Original Documents on the History of Calculators  For more information on the history of calculators, see Erez Kaplan's Calculating Machines, the pre-HP section of Dave Hicks Museum of HP Calculators and James Redin's Vintage Calculators (and their lists of links If you are interested in the more...
http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Horizon/1404/

Article summarizing and illustrating early methods of counting and representing of numbers.
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 Although the computer and its widespread application in our society, are phenomena that have become predominant in only the last 30 years, many of the concepts underlying these developments have their origins in concerns dating back to the earliest cultures....
http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~ped/te...dmin/histsci/htmlform/lect2.html

Describes Indian mathematicians such as Aryabhatta - who modelled the solar system, Bhaskar, Varahamira, and others who made important contributions in the fields of trigonometry, algebra, and classical analysis.
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Science in India: History of mathematics: Indian Mathematicians and Astronomers,  Pages from the history of the Indian sub-continent: Science and Mathematics in India History of Mathematics in India In all early civilizations, the first expression of mathematical understanding appears in the form of counting systems. Numbers in very early societies...
http://members.tripod.com/~INDIA_RESOURCE/mathematics.htm

Thanks to new imaging technology, part of the remains of a private library, owned by Roman statesman and Julius Caesar's father-in-law, may now be read. These papers were original discovered in 1752 in the town of Herculaneum.
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Ancient maths recovered  Plus terms of use search plus with google home latest issue explore the archive careers library news 1997-2004, Millennium Mathematics Project, University of Cambridge. Permission is granted to print and copy this page on paper for non-commercial use. For other...
http://plus.maths.org/issue14/news/papyri/

A poetic rendition of the key events in the development of the field that have taken place over the years.
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 Old bones in a cave left behind With a pattern of nicks, Babylonian tricks, And the fruitful Papyrus of Rhind. We don't have a board game of Thera's, Chaturanga's from subsequent eras, But a race game is known, Bets and...
http://www.cf.ac.uk/maths/numbertheory/history.html

Includes math examples from the Rhind papyrus and Babylonian tablets. Also, discusses early Egyptian mythology.
http://www.seshat.ch/

Discusses the nation's early development of geometric concepts, algorithms, algebraic ideas and the idea of zero.
http://india.coolatlanta.com/GreatPages/sudheer/maths.html

Discusses the technological, commercial and political reasons for the increase in mathematical development during this period.
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E-Ren: Student Projects  This lesson intends to present public school students a brief history of the progress of mathematics during the Renaissance. The lesson will combine an introduction to Renaissance mathematical developments with an explanation of its interactions with social influences of the...
http://www.idbsu.edu/courses/hy309/projects/math.html

Notes to Dr. Paul E. Dunne's math history lecture, with images.
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 What do people think about computers? Why do they think it? Are they right in thinking it? What is Computer Science `actually about? Popular Beliefs Computers can do anything Computers make mistakes Computers threaten society. Computers benefit society Computers are...
http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~ped/te...min/histsci/htmlform/slides.html

Library of Congress. Includes articles and original document images of early Greek contributions to the field.
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Greek Mathematics and its Modern Heirs  Greek mathematicians maintained a splendid tradition of work in the exact sciences: mathematics, astronomy, and related fields. Though the early synthesis of Euclid and some of the supremely brilliant works of Archimedes were known in the medieval west, this tradition...
http://www.ibiblio.org/expo/vati...it/d-mathematics/Greek_math.html

An oral history project with supporting on-line documents and links.
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The Princeton Mathematics Community in the 1930s: An Oral History Project  University with the construction of a luxurious new building Fine Hall (now Jones Hall) dedicated to the mathematician and Dean Harry Fine and designed to facilitate a real community of mathematicians engaged in research and closely linked with mathematical physicists...
http://infoshare1.princeton.edu/.../finding_aids/mathoral/math.html

Discusses the development of numbers, addition tables, exercise problems and solutions for quadratic equations in one of oldest known civilizations.
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Mesopotamian Mathematics  The purpose of this page is to provide a source of information on all aspects of Mesopotamian mathematics. We explain the origins of mathematics in Mesopotamia from the earliest tokens, through the development of Sumerian mathematics to the grand flowering...
http://it.stlawu.edu/~dmelvill/mesomath/index.html

A forum which provides a virtual environment for scholarly discussion of the History of Mathematics, amongst professionals, and non-professionals with a serious interest in the field. A bilingual site (Spanish and English).
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HISTORIA MATEMATICA Julio Gonzalez Cabillon  The purpose of this forum is to provide a virtual environment for scholarly discussion of the History of Mathematics (in a broad sense amongst professionals, and non-professionals with a serious interest in the field. All scholarly aspects of the history...
http://www.chasque.apc.org/jgc/history/MH6.htm

Topics are presented by topic areas, date, or mathematicians. Includes timeline and website search engine.
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MacTutor History of Mathematics  Mathematicians of the day Search the archive Help Contact us Recently added features Changes to the archive to AUGUST 2005 including 32 new biographies and 37 up-dated ones There are new translations by J S D Glaus of Eulogies to...
http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/

An overview. Includes a chronology of mathematicians and mathematical works, online references and a bibliography
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History of Mathematics: China  A brief outline of the history of Chinese mathematics Chronology of Mathematicians and Mathematical Works On-line References Bibliography Menubar access to other pages A brief outline of the history of Chinese mathematics Primary sources are Mikami's The Development of Mathematics...
http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/china.html

Descriptions and links relating to various historical problems and topics in mathematics.
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/topics/History.html

By Oxford professor, Jonathan Bowen. Discusses origins in ancient Greece, Arabia and England, analytical machines, boolean algebra, and recent developments in the field.
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A Brief History of Algebra and Computing: An Eclectic Oxonian View  Text originally completed on his 60th birthday, 11th January 1994. If you are faced by a difficulty or a controversy in science, an ounce of algebra is worth a ton of verbal argument. J.B.S. Haldane (1892-1964) That excellent woman knew...
http://vmoc.museophile.org/algebra/

The history of mathematics from 8,000 BC to modern times, divided into poster sets. Categories include regions, eras, math topics & mathematicans.
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Math is Radical  Spice up math lessons with fascinating history. Teach students the who's who of mathematics, by showing them who made the discoveries that we take for granted today. It is eye-opening for them to know just how old the methods they...
http://www.mathisradical.com

This Site contains original correspondence, official documents and school reports of the mathematician Evariste Galois. This site provides a platform to translate these documents.
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Galois Translation Directory, Main  The object of this site is to supply a platform for translations of texts related to and from Evariste Galois into English, German, Italian or Spanish.Categories of TextsPlease select the group of texts you want to view:This Directory contains letters...
http://www.galois-group.net/gtp/

An overview of mathematics within this culture. Includes a description of the numerals used and a reference to Pythagoras' theorem.
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 Mathematicians of the day Anniversaries for the year Chronology Time lines Societies, honours, etc Search Form JOC/EFR January 2004 The URL of this page is: School_of_Mathematics_and_Statistics University_of_St_Andrews,_Scotland http www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Indexes/Babylonians.html...
http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Indexes/Babylonians.html

Front for the Mathematics Arxiv of eprints section HO: biographies, philosophy of mathematics, mathematics education, recreational mathematics, communication of mathematics.
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HO History and Overview  Euler and the pentagonal number theorem. Jordan Bell. 19 pages. HO (NT 27 Sep math.HO/0509597 Asymptotic behaviour of Turing Machines. Germano D'Abramo. HO. 23 Sep math.HO/0509507 On the development of differential geometry in Estonia. V. Abramov. 22 pages. Mathematics Studies...
http://front.math.ucdavis.edu/math.HO

Portsmouth, RI, USA; 8--11 August 2004.
http://home.adelphi.edu/~bradley/EulerSociety/home.html

Includes conversion tables, historical background and a demonstration on how to express the year 1999 in Roman Numerals.
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Roman redirect  Roman numerals and calendar in Paul Lewis pages click on Roman Numeral...
http://www.wilkiecollins.demon.co.uk/roman/front.htm

Japanese votive tablets featuring mathematical problems. Examples with pictures and further resources.
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Sangaku (Japanese votive tablets featuring mathematical puzzles)  Japanese votive tablets featuring mathematical puzzles) Japanese mathematical votive tablet What are sangaku Sangaku x7B97 x984D are votive tablets offered in shinto shrines (and sometimes in buddhist temples) in Japan. The earliest sangaku found date back to the beginning of...
http://www.sangaku.info/

Article by Armand Borel from a lecture at Bochum in September 1996 in honour of R.Remmert.
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25 years with N.Bourbaki  Borel is professor emeritus at the School of Mathematics, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ.This article is an outgrowth of a lecture given at the University of Bochum, Germany, October 1995, in a Colloquium in honor of R.Remmert, and at...
http://www.ega-math.narod.ru/Bbaki/Bourb3.htm

Discusses development of integral and derivative calculus from the 17th century. Features contributions by key western civilization mathematicians. Includes examples of selected problems and how they were originally solved in earlier times. Also, covers the historic background to computer algebraic systems.
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The History of the Calculus and the Development of Computer Algebra Systmes  Polynomials in one variable Coefficients 5.2.3 Polynomials in one variable Terms 5.2.4 Polynomials in one variable Recursive definition 5.2.5 Multivariate Polynomials 5.2.6 The Syntax Tree Our Data Structure Implementation 5.2.7 The Syntax Tree Advantages 5.2.8 The Syntax Tree Disadvantages 5.3...
http://www.math.wpi.edu/IQP/BVCalcHist/calctoc.html

Covers the early mathematical development in the country, such as the use of geometrical symbols. Includes discussion of influential works of local mathematicians.
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Mathematics in Latvia Through the Centuries, by Daina Taimina and Ingrida Henina  Latvia please send comments to dt34@cornell.edu Unfortunately none of the people to inhabit the land of present-day Latvia in the ninth millennium B.C. left their memoirs. New Indo-European tribes, living by stock raising and farming, appeared here in the second...
http://www.math.cornell.edu/~dtaimina/mathinlv.html

A conference on the occasion of the publication, for the first time, of a complete digital edition of the oldest surviving manuscript of Euclid's Elements. St. Catherine's College, Oxford, UK; 7--8 October 2005.
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Euclid and His Heritage: Conference at Oxford University  Dedicated to increasing and disseminating mathematical knowledge HOME| ABOUT CMI| PROGRAMS| NEWS EVENTS| AWARDS| SCHOLARS| PUBLICATIONS Euclid and His Heritage A Clay Mathematics Institute Conference at Oxford Bernard Sunley Lecture Theatre St. Catherine's College Oxford University October 7-8, 2005 9...
http://www.claymath.org/euclid/

Discusses how art and architecture were influenced by mathematical concepts, such as perspective. Includes photo examples.
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The Art of Renaissance Science Table of Contents  The Art of Renaissance Science Table of Contents The Art of Renaissance Science: Galileo and Perspective Table of Contents Introduction Galileo Part I: The Early Years Part II: Heavenly Bodies Part III: The Inquisition Renaissance Art and Mathematical Perspective Part...
http://www.mcm.edu/academic/galileo/ars/arshtml/arstoc.html

Covers early beginning development of mathematics in different societies around the world: Arabic, China, India, and Mayan empire.
http://mathhistory.info/

Describes an interdisciplinary topic that attempts to explain the impact of culture upon the development of mathematical ideas. Includes types of early activities, which would have required some skills with geometric, algebraic or arithmetic concepts.
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Ethnomathematics  Ethnomathematics is the study of mathematics which takes into consideration the culture in which mathematics arises. Mathematics is often associated with the study of universals When we speak of universals however, it is important to recognize that often something we...
http://www.cs.uidaho.edu/~casey931/seminar/ethno.html