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Atomic Age
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Explore political and ethical dilemmas, challenges of the Nuclear Age. Discusses waste, power, weapons, the scientists and politicians involved, strategy, treaties, and other aspects of nuclear policy.
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Nuclear Files China tests its first atomic bomb. October 16, 2002 North Korea admits to nuclear weapons program. October 30, 1961 Soviets test worlds most powerful atomic bomb. October 31, 1959 The United States deploys the first operational ICBM. Explore the Nuclear...Scientific history of the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's first 50 years (1931-1981).
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Lawrence and His Laboratory Laboratory requires a frames-capable browser, such as Netscape Navigator 2.x or Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.0. Berkeley Lab Home...Full text original documents relating to the Cold War period. Covers the years from 1945 to 1986. A very wide range of material dealing with many points of view. Also has a retrospective section looking back on the era.
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/coldwar.htm
Timeline of nuclear weapon development, biographies of atomic scientists, accounts of nuclear tests, arms-control treaties, full text original documents, an image and video gallery, a glossary and teachers guide.
http://www.atomicarchive.com/main.shtml
Information on Indian and Pakistani nuclear weapons research and development. Includes statements, position papers, research and analysis, news coverage and opinion polls, and related information on nuclear proliferation.
http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/SSEAL/SouthAsia/nuclear.html
A chronology of Canada's contributions to the nuclear weapon programs of several countries. Includes material on the production of plutonium at Chalk River and the accident there, the development and export of CANDU reactors, a picture gallery and other material.
http://ccnr.org/chronology.html
A short history of American nuclear weapons deployments on foreign soil, often without the knowledge of the host country, from 1945 to 1977. Includes graphs of deployments by region.
http://www.bullatomsci.org/issues/1999/nd99/nd99norris.html
A history of the Atomic Age of the 1950s. Includes links to a few feature articles from the 1950s that let the reader get an idea of the social impact of atomic weapons on American society.
http://www.itseemslikeyesterday.com/1999_winter/index.asp
Details of surface and subsurface atomic tests conducted in the United States and their impact on human health. Includes maps of test sites and links to summaries of individual shots.
http://www.fas.org/nuke/hew/Usa/Tests/
A short article on the history of British nuclear testing in Australia and a discussion of Canberra's motives for cooperating with such tests. Also contains short biographies of prominent Australian nuclear scientists.
http://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/p...rticles/tps/tps_on_the_beach.htm
A biography of Stalin's enigmatic director of the Soviet project to build the atomic bomb. Details his efforts as head of the project to develop first the atomic bomb and then the hydrogen bomb. Includes documents and links.
http://www.pbs.org/opb/citizenk/index.html
A biography of Andrei Sakharov and his contributions to Soviet nuclear weapons research, nuclear fusion, cosmology, human rights, and world peace. Includes a bibliography and links to related sites.
http://www.aip.org/history/sakharov/
By the Avalon Project of the Yale Law School, has original documents from the findings and recommendation of the Personnel Security Board in the case of Dr. Oppenheimer. Includes letters, and the opinion written by the Atomic Energy Commission.
http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/abomb/oppmenu.htm
Daghlian worked for the Manhattan Project. The site tells his story and serves as a memorial.
http://members.tripod.com/~Arnold_Dion/Daghlian/index.html
The Brookings Institution studied the history of nuclear weapons development, production, and testing in the United States. Extensive information on historical weapons programs and their costs.
http://www.brook.edu/FP/PROJECTS/NUCWCOST/WEAPONS.HTM
Leo Szilard (1898-1964) participated in the American Manhattan Project but afterwards became a leading critic of the Cold War nuclear arms race. Includes biographical information, documents, photos, audio, links.
http://www.dannen.com/szilard.html
Collection of links on a variety of nuclear topics, including: university programs, job openings, reactors, anti-nuclear groups, weapons testing, waste disposal, computing, health physics, and engineering.
http://www.nuc.berkeley.edu/neutronics/todd/frame/open.html
A museum about Igor Kurchatov, head of the USSR's A-bomb project, and Soviet nuclear weapons research. Provides virtual tours of Kurchatov's life and Soviet atomic research facilities.
http://www.kiae.ru/eng/wel/dmk/bdma.htm
An online photographic tour of the museum at the Los Alamos of the former Soviet Union, Arzamas-16. Photos and descriptions of the first Soviet atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb, the development of tactical and ballistic weapons, and the installations used for testing weapons.
http://www.vniief.ru/museum/museum_e.html
Provides updates on the nuclear industry in Japan, follows events in depth that affect the public and publishes informational literature on nuclear topics. English version of a Japanese site.
http://www.cnic.or.jp/english/index.html
An account by a long time employee of the beginning and development of the Pantex plant which produces nuclear weapons. Part of a larger site that covers the current mission of Pantex.
http://www.pantex.com/ds/pxgena2a.htm
Fact sheet on Pakistan's nuclear weapons tests, reactors, research facilities, uranium enrichment and plutonium and tritium production plants, and weapons manufacturing facilities. Includes map.
http://www.cdi.org/issues/testing/pak1.html
(the Atomic Bomb Movie)Website devoted to documentary films dealing with atomic history and obscure material on atomic testing. Contains many unique and rare QuickTime movies and jpeg photos regarding atomic testing and nuclear detonations.
http://www.vce.com/trinity.html
Information on the physical, medical and epidemiological effects of the bombing of Nagasaki. Includes the testimony of Dr. Raisuke Shirabe, maps of the destroyed areas, and a list of links for further information.
http://www-sdc.med.nagasaki-u.ac.jp/n50/start-E.html
Full text and illustrations from the 1950 atom-war survival guide.
http://foody.org/atomic/atomic00.html
A site promoting a CD Rom set containing an encyclopedic history of U.S. nuclear weapons history. Gives examples of articles contained on CD, the table of contents, ordering information and a periodic newsletter.
http://www.uscoldwar.com/
A large collection of original documents relating to the decision to develop and use the atomic bomb. Historic reports from the Manhattan Project, and correspondence, memos, diary entries and reports from a variety of major decision makers of the period.
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/hiroshim.htm
Nuclear weapon history site. Information on the Manhattan Project, the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and nuclear weapons technology. Luxembourg site in English.
http://www2.vo.lu/homepages/geko/atom/atomhome.htm
A collection of speeches, articles, and full text documents on nuclear safety, legislation, and treaties. Map of nuclear hazards in the US, links section and NucNews, a collection of news clippings, archive available.
http://www.prop1.org/anukelv.htm
The Bureau of Atomic Tourism promotes tourist locations that have either been the site of atomic explosions, display exhibits on the development of atomic devices, or contain atomic weapons delivery systems. Includes links to related materials.
http://www.atomictourist.com/
Describes the process of fission as it relates to the bomb, covers the effects on people and buildings, has a timeline of events in the development of the bomb, and photos of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as well as other bomb effects.
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Agora/4526/index1.html
Covers the history of the Pershing. Includes a detailed chronology, historic photos, film clips of launches, and materials related to design and testing of the system.
http://www.redstone.army.mil/history/systems/pershing/
Reference materials, current issues, editorials and data on the nuclear programs of India and Pakistan. Has maps, links to media sites, links to sites from both countries, and a collection of Nuclear Control Institute documents on the issues involved.
http://www.nci.org/ind-pak.htm
Discusses missing nuclear materials from the former Soviet Union, suitcase bombs, interviews, readings, the future of nuclear weapons and the Russian nuclear complex.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/russia/
Describes the mission and capabilities of the system, includes photos, launch history, diagrams of the components of the missiles and their launch facilities and crew details.
http://www.teleport.com/~boelling/titan.html
History of early ICBM's, missile launch facilities, the work of the missileers, collection of historic photos of silos under construction, in operation and the missiles they contained.
http://www.siloworld.com/
Article about the scientists involved in developing Britain's atomic bomb with supporting materials regarding the physics and technology involved in the project, and underground testing. Links to diagram of modern warhead and article about the ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty by the UK.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/et?ac...7162&pg=/et/99/7/1/ecfnuk01.html
Covers the US failed project to produce atomic powered aircraft. A detailed look at the technology involved as well as materials relating to the reasons the program failed.
http://www.megazone.org/ANP/
The A-bomb and atomic testing were entirely new phenomena in history and there was a variety of opinion about the tests and the weapon. This article used polls and journalistic impressions to discuss the spectrum of this opinion.
http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.m...review/1984/jan-feb/graybar.html
A brief history of the lab at Brookhaven, it's founding, development and achievements in nuclear physics and nuclear energy research.
http://www.lihistory.com/specdisc/disbrk.htm
Discusses the physics of the various types of nuclear weapons and the effects of nuclear explosions. Includes a history, images, and chronology of atomic and thermonuclear weapons testing.
http://www.fas.org/nuke/hew/.
History of the development of nuclear energy, human radiation experiments, the effects on people of the developments in nuclear physics.
http://tis.eh.doe.gov/ohre/roadmap/achre/intro_1.html
A chronology of general and Canadian achievements and events in the history of nuclear energy. Traces the development of the CANDU reactor and the commercial power industry in Canada. Includes notes and links to further information.
http://www.cns-snc.ca/branches/manitoba/history.html
A brief history of the beginning of the Atomic Age including photographs, video clips and links. Part of a series on the Cold War.
http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold...rience/the.bomb/history.science/
A time line covering the period from the 1940s to the present day and detailing the development of safety features, practices and systems in nuclear power plants. Includes bibliographic references.
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History of Nuclear Power Plant Safety S afety has been an important consideration from the very beginning of the development of nuclear reactors. On December 2, 1942, when the first atomic reactor was brought to criticality, Enrico Fermi had already made safety an important part of...A complete history of the development of the Hanford Reservation site during the Manhattan Project and the Cold War, covering the period from 1943 to 1990. Details the construction, operation and history of facilities on the reservation.
http://www.hanford.gov/docs/rl-97-1047/index.htm
Information, atomic timeline, how fusion works, how fission works, survey, forums, test, and explanation of the atom.
http://library.thinkquest.org/17...40/texts/timeline/manhattan.html
Nuclear Age Timeline, The timeline traces the nuclear age from the discovery of x-rays and radioactivity to the explosion of the first atomic bomb through the cold war to its thaw and the cleanup of the nuclear weapons complex.
http://www.em.doe.gov/timeline/
An examination of the changes brought about by the development of Hanford as a part of the nuclear weapons complex and the effects on the region over the course of the period from the 1940's through the current time.
http://www.washington.edu/uwired...aa432/lesson_24/hstaa432_24.html
A brief history of the Department of Energies responsibilities for uranium stewardship, a time line of uranium history, photos, links to current information about uranium use and sales in the US today.
http://www.ne.doe.gov/uranium/history.html
A detailed chronology of events significant in the development of nuclear weapon technology. Covers the entire twentieth century.
http://www.ask.ne.jp/~hankaku/english/chronotbl.html
A history of the discovery, development and consequences of nuclear energy including the economic, social, philosophical, environmental and political results of the influence of nuclear energy. Includes photos, definitions of terms used, links to further information and a description of the physical principals of nuclear energy.
http://wso.williams.edu/~globe/Nuketoc.htm
An overview of the Manhattan Project, the use of the bomb, the development of the Cold War and the physics of nuclear weapons. Includes photographs and a bibliography.
http://www.turkeyland.net/atom.html
Devoted to atomic culture past and present. The creation of writers who grew up in the shadow of the bomb and all its attendant pop culture fallout, list of atomic links.
http://www.conelrad.com/
Collection of links on the history of radiation and radiation protection.
http://www.physics.isu.edu/radinf/hist.htm
Chronology of the development of the atomic energy agency in India and the achievements of the agency in both power production and weapons development.
http://www.dae.gov.in/milestone.htm
An examination of the effect of the atomic age on popular culture in America. Deals with everything from mushroom clouds on record covers to movies and comic books.
http://www.wsu.edu/~brians/nukepop/index.html
Annotated list of nuclear weapons facilities operated by the US Government or by contractors on their behalf. Includes date of establishment, function, and other information including links to the official web page of the facility and its contractor.
http://www.brook.edu/fp/projects/nucwcost/sites.htm
Information on nuclear weapons design, production, materials, testing and effects both historic and current. Includes diagrams and explanations of the physics and engineering involved in weapons design.
http://www.fas.org/nuke/intro/nuke/index.html
Outlines the Energy Department's work to clean up contamination at DOE legacy sites.
http://www.em.doe.gov/closure/
Article discussing it's origins, impact on the social history of the US and Russia, effect on foreign policy, the arms race, and the lessons learned. Includes photographs and opinion pieces on Cold War topics.
http://www.pjhealy.com/coldwar/
Links to full text historic reports on various aspects of nuclear weapons testing by the United States available for download in PDF format, including "United States Nuclear Tests, July 1945 through September 1992" a listing of every test.
http://www.nv.doe.gov/news&pubs/...tions/historyreports/default.htm
A history of one of the Soviet Union's leading atomic research institutes. Includes a virtual museum of tactical and strategic nuclear weapons and delivery systems.
http://www.vniief.ru/english/index.html
The story of the development of the Soviet bomb and its effect on physics in the Soviet Union. Discusses the political pressures of Stalinist Russia on the study of physics and the conduct of the effort to produce a bomb.
http://www.thebulletin.org/issues/1994/nd94/nd94Holloway.html
A history of the politics and policies of the Soviet atomic and thermonuclear weapons research by one of the USSR's leading nuclear scientists.
http://www.bullatomsci.org/issues/1993/may93/may93Khariton.html
Documents relating to stockpile, testing, safety, reactor programs and other nuclear issues made available under the Openness Initiative at the DOE Secretaries June 27, 1994, Press Conference.
http://www.osti.gov/html/osti/opennet/document/fulltext.html
Documents relating to classification of DOE Material, reprocessing, plutonium and other nuclear issues made available under the Openness Initiative at the DOE Secretaries February 6, 1996, Press Conference.
http://www.osti.gov/html/osti/opennet/document/fultext2.html
Database of nuclear explosions, image gallery of test photos of US and other nuclear tests, chronology and background information on nuclear weapons.
http://www.zvis.com/nuclear/gatornuk.shtml
Large site by the Children of the Manhattan Project group with biographies, articles, photos, historic documents and other materials relating to the Manhattan Project.
http://www.childrenofthemanhattanproject.org/
Information on the historic buildings at Hanford, photographs, B reactor documents, a chronology of Hanford, treatment information, the agreement with Washington State, and other documents.
http://www.hanford.gov/doe/culres/historic/
Reports, tables, and statistics on nuclear stockpiles, strategic nuclear forces, and nuclear test programs of the United States, Russia, France, China, and Great Britain.
http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/nudb/datainx.asp
Read about the first generation ICBM missile Silos put into service by the United States Air Force during the early 1960's.
http://www.atlasmissilesilo.com/
A brief history of the agency and its predecessor, the AEC.
http://www.nrc.gov/who-we-are/history.html
Film Documentary. Traces the history on how top-secret nuclear technology was sold to Third World nations.
http://www.stealingthefirefilm.com
Quotes and information about the bombs dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Small picture gallery.
http://www.conorblevins.btinternet.co.uk/
Large excerpt from "The First Reactor," published December, 1982 by the U.S Department of Energy. Discusses the first sustained nuclear chain reaction which occurred in 1942 at the University of Chicago.
http://hep.uchicago.edu/cp1.html
Albert Wattenbert writes in the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists about working with Enrico Fermi to create the first chain reaction.
http://www.bullatomsci.org/issues/1992/d92/d92.wattenberg.html
Position papers describing PSR's opposition to nuclear testing, on test bans, and on related topics.
http://www.psr.org/home.cfm?id=nuclear_weapons
Text of the 1963 treaty signed by the US, the UK, and the USSR banning atmospheric, oceanic, and extraterrestrial testing of nuclear weapons.
http://www.fletcher.tufts.edu/multi/texts/BH454.txt
Discusses nuclear weapons technology, the effects of nuclear weapons, atmospheric testing, civil defence, and nuclear accidents. Includes an gallery of test photos and an annotated bibliography.
http://www.cddc.vt.edu/host/atomic/
Discusses nuclear weapons, the survivability of nuclear blasts, weapon totals for the nuclear powers, and specific data regarding the UK program.
http://www.users.zetnet.co.uk/mo...oft/nuclear_welcome_page_all.htm
Traces connections between UFO sightings and the history of US nuclear research and development activities.
http://www.nicap.dabsol.co.uk/ncp-home.htm
History of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory from the 1940s to the 1990s, including the Manhattan Project era. Details the building of the lab, addition of facilities, the scientists who worked there, and the surrounding communities.
http://www.ornl.gov/info/ornlreview/rev25-34/net225.html
A young African-American man's reminiscence of growing up in the shadow of nuclear annihilation during the 1950's. Educators may copy it freely.
http://atomicchildhood.songsmyth.com
Virtual version of an museum exhibit. Addresses the ambivalence of the public toward atomic power and weapons in the period between 1945 and 1965. Articles, photographs.
http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/museum/atomic/
An archive of articles on nuclear armaments, testing, test bans, and treaties. Links to articles on related topics including nuclear power, NATO, disarmament and the arms trade.
http://www.wagingpeace.org/menu/resources/archives/index.htm
Wide range of vetted, indexed, annotated references for the study of nuclear issues. Collection is searchable and includes books, articles, films, CD-ROMs, and websites.
http://alsos.wlu.edu
Dr. Slotin was a scientist involved with the development of the atomic bomb as part of the Manhattan Project. Tells the story of his work, life and death in an accident at Los Alamos.
http://web.ncf.ca/lavitt/louisslotin.html
Provides a free version of Bob Myers' childhood memoir about growing up in the 1950s in the shadow of the Hanford A-Bomb plant.
http://www.bob.myers.name/bobby/
A collection of links from the Los Alamos Nuclear Laboratory on its role in the history of American nuclear weapons development.
http://lib-www.lanl.gov/infores/history/
Essay on the war time history of the physics department of Purdue University detailing work done there as a part of the Manhattan Project and in physics in general.
http://www.physics.purdue.edu/about_us/history/war_period.shtml
An examination of the impact of the advent on nuclear weapons on society and culture in the West. A large collection of quotes on the subject, photos, and analysis of the influences and their consequences.
http://sopris.net/mpc/
Historical information regarding the damage from the bombing of the city. Also includes information about the Peace Memorial, the A-Domes registration as a World Heritage Site, and about the city today.
http://www.city.hiroshima.jp/e/index-E.html
Timeline of nuclear weapon development, biographies of atomic scientists, accounts of nuclear tests, arms-control treaties, full text original documents, an image and video gallery, a glossary and teachers guide.
http://www.atomicarchive.com/index.shtml